ADVANCE IN TRANSMISSION NETWORK (MSPP, RPR)

E4-E5 E and W S
ADVANCE IN TRANSMISSION NETWORK (MSPP, RPR)
Q. 1 , What are the protocols supported by STM-16 with GFP-F, GFP-T?

a) MPLS and layer-2 switching

b) GFP-F and GFP-T

c) Ethernet and RPR

d) PDH and SDH

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Q. 2 , What is the main application of MSPP?

a) To switch digital signals at SDH layer

b) To provide cross connect matrix

c) To aggregate and groom traffic

d) All of the above

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Q. 3 , What is the advantage of MSPP equipment?

a) It can simultaneously interface PDH streams and mapping/de-mapping into SDH payloads

b) It supports only SDH traffic

c) It supports only PDH traffic

d) None of the above

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Q. 4 , What transmission rates are supported by MSPP equipment?

a) STM-1 and STM-4

b) STM-16 and STM-64

c) STM-64 and STM-256

d) None of the above

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Q. 5 , What is the purpose of POS capability on Ethernet interface in revised STM-16?

a) To support DS-3 of SONET

b) To provide packet over SDH capability on Ethernet interface

c) To support Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)

d) None of the above

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Q. 6 , What is the advantage of using GFP and VCAT in MSPP?

a) Service providers can deliver packet-based transport services using existing SDH infrastructure

b) MSPP can be deployed anywhere in the network

c) GFP and VCAT provide higher cross connect capability

d) None of the above

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Q. 7 , Where is MSPP deployed in the network?

a) In the core backbone

b) In the access network

c) At the edge of the transport network

d) Both a) and b)

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Q. 8 , What is RPR?

a) Resilient Packet Routing

b) Resilient Packet Ring

c) Resilient Protocol Routing

d) None of the above

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Q. 9 , What is the key feature of RPR technology?

a) Resiliency and fast restoration

b) High throughput

c) Low latency

d) None of the above

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Q. 10 , How does RPR technology work?

a) It provides two counter-rotating rings for traffic

b) It uses MPLS for traffic routing

c) It uses TDM for traffic switching

d) None of the above

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Q. 11 , How does RPR compare to other solutions?

a) It provides lower resiliency than other solutions

b) It provides higher throughput than other solutions

c) It provides higher latency than other solutions

d) None of the above

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Q. 12 , What is the main application of the MSPP system?

a) Traffic routing at the access layer

b) Multi-service traffic switching and aggregation at MAC layer

c) Traffic routing at the core network

d) TDM traffic consolidation at the access layer

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Q. 13 , Which of the following is an advantage of the MSPP system?

a) It supports only SDH interfaces

b) It cannot integrate SDH and PDH

c) It enables quick bandwidth provisioning to the customer

d) It can only operate at STM-16 backhaul rates

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Q. 14 , What is the transmission rate for the MSPP system?

a) STM-1 and STM-4

b) STM-16 and STM-64

c) STM-256 and STM-512

d) STM-1024 and STM-2048

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Q. 15 , What is the purpose of GFP and VCAT in the MSPP system?

a) To enable the deployment of MSPP at the edge of the transport network

b) To provide SDH encapsulation for Ethernet traffic

c) To support Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)

d) To allow the delivery of packet-based transport services over existing SDH infrastructure

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Q. 16 , What is the target application of MSPP?

a) Connecting low capacity backbones to end customers

b) Connecting ultra-high capacity backbones to end customers

c) Providing point-to-point connections within the core network

d) Providing point-to-point connections within the access network

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Q. 17 , What is the generic structure of a next generation MSPP?

a) Metro WDM with Ethernet/RPR and SDH VC-4 switching fabrics

b) SONET/SDH with packet over SONET/SDH and TDM switching fabrics

c) ATM with AAL2 and AAL5 switching fabrics

d) MPLS with LSPs and VPNs switching fabrics

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Q. 18 , What does NMS stand for in the context of MSPP?

a) Network Maintenance System

b) Network Management System

c) Network Monitoring System

d) Network Modeling System

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Q. 19 , What does RPR stand for in the context of transmission network?

a) Resilient Packet Ring

b) Remote Packet Relay

c) Resource Provisioning Request

d) Robust Performance Routing

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Q. 20 , What is MSPP?

A) A protocol for fiber ring topology

B) A technology for optimized and efficient packet networking

C) A technology for carrying jitter- and latency-sensitive traffic

D) A protocol for consolidating TDM traffic at SDH layer

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Q. 21 , Which feature of MSPP allows for multiple SDH rings interconnection at STM-1 tributary interfaces as well as at STM-4/16 aggregate interfaces?

A) GFP-F

B) GFP-T

C) LCAS

D) Virtual concatenation

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Q. 22 , Which feature of MSPP allows for traffic aggregation at MAC layer?

A) GFP-F

B) GFP-T

C) LCAS

D) Traffic grooming

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Q. 23 , Which technology combines the best features of legacy SDH and Ethernet into one layer?

A) MSPP

B) RPR

C) CIR

D) MAC

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Q. 24 , What is the main advantage of using RPR networks over TDM technologies like SDH?

A) Better performance monitoring

B) Greater flexibility in deployment

C) Ability to carry jitter- and latency-sensitive traffic

D) More efficient use of bandwidth

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Q. 25 , Which feature of RPR technology allows for proactive span protection automatically avoiding failed spans within 50 ms?

A) Resilience

B) Services

C) Efficiency

D) Scalability

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Q. 26 , Which traffic types are supported by RPR technology?

A) Data and voice

B) Data and video

C) Voice and video

D) Data, voice, and video

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Q. 27 , What is the key benefit of RPR technology for service providers?

A) Greater performance monitoring

B) Greater flexibility in deployment

C) Ability to carry jitter- and latency-sensitive traffic

D) Capability to deliver multiple services on a single network

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Q. 28 , What is the maximum number of nodes per ring that RPR technology supports?

A) 50

B) 100

C) 150

D) 200

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Q. 29 , Which protocol allows interfacing of PDH streams (2Mb, 34Mb, 140Mb) and mapping / de-mapping into SDH payloads and vice-versa?

A) GFP-F

B) GFP-T

C) LCAS

D) Virtual concatenation

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Q. 30 , What is the main purpose of MSPP?

A) To transport data traffic

B) To transport circuit-based traffic

C) To consolidate TDM traffic at SDH layer

D) To optimize and efficiently packet networking

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Q. 31 , Which feature of MSPP allows for Ethernet on SDH (EoS)?

A) GFP-F

B) GFP-T

C) LCAS

D) Traffic aggregation at MAC layer

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Q. 32 , Which feature of MSPP allows for multi-service traffic switching?

A) LCAS

B) Traffic grooming

C) Traffic consolidation of TDM traffic at SDH layer

D) Integrated higher cross-connect capability

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Q. 33 , Which feature of MSPP allows for transparent framing?

A) GFP-F

B) GFP-T

C) LCAS

D) Virtual concatenation

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Q. 34 , What is the transit path in RPR?

a) The path taken by control messages on the ring

b) The path taken by high-priority traffic on the ring

c) The path taken by packets destined to downstream nodes on the ring

d) The path taken by low-priority traffic on the ring

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Q. 35 , How does RPR handle congestion?

a) By dropping packets randomly

b) By transmitting low-priority packets before high-priority packets

c) By applying a bandwidth-control algorithm to all packets

d) By applying a bandwidth-control algorithm only to low-priority packets

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Q. 36 , How does RPR allocate resources and control congestion?

a) By using a master node on the ring

b) By managing bandwidth and congestion control at each node collectively

c) By dropping packets randomly

d) By transmitting low-priority packets before high-priority packets

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Q. 37 , What is the MAC address size used in RPR?

a) 32-bit

b) 48-bit

c) 64-bit

d) 128-bit

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Q. 38 , What types of packets can the RPR MAC receive?

a) Only unicast packets

b) Only multicast packets

c) Both unicast and multicast packets

d) Only broadcast packets

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Q. 39 , What happens to unicast packets that do not have a matching destination address in RPR?

a) They are dropped from the ring and do not consume bandwidth on downstream spans

b) They continue to circulate around the ring

c) They are copied to the host and allowed to continue through the transit path

d) They are wrapped around to the other fiber (ringlet)

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Q. 40 , How are topology updates handled in RPR?

a) Manually, by network administrators

b) Through a distributed mechanism that allows nodes on the ring to be inserted/removed without manual management intervention

c) By broadcasting topology updates to all nodes on the ring

d) By using a master node on the ring to update the topology

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Q. 41 , What is the protection mechanism used by RPR to protect the network from single span failures?

a) Wrapping

b) Steering

c) Both wrapping and steering

d) Dropping packets randomly

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Q. 42 , How many nodes participate in the wrapping protection mechanism?

a) Only one node

b) Only two adjacent nodes

c) All nodes on the ring

d) Nodes that are adjacent to the failed span

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Q. 43 , How does RPR protect the ring from failures within 50 ms?

a) By randomly dropping packets

b) By transmitting low-priority packets before high-priority packets

c) By applying a bandwidth-control algorithm only to low-priority packets

d) By quickly dispatching protection messages and using wrapping or steering protection mechanisms

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Q. 44 , What types of messages are carried on the ringlets in RPR?

a) Only control messages for topology updates

b) Only control messages for protection

c) Both control messages for topology updates, protection, and bandwidth control

d) Only traffic messages

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Q. 45 , Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Legacy TDM networks when it comes to providing IP services?

a) It can only provision circuits with a limit of 16 nodes on one SDH ring

b) Lot of equipment is required

c) It provides limited and proprietary protection schemes

d) None of the above

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Q. 46 , What is the limitation of protection response in Meshed Ethernet networks?

a) It is limited to seconds

b) It is limited to minutes

c) It is limited to hours

d) There is no protection response in Meshed Ethernet networks

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Q. 47 , In Ethernet Rings networks, what is the limitation of protection schemes?

a) They are limited to a small number of nodes

b) They are limited to only one type of protection scheme

c) They are open and can be easily accessed by unauthorized users

d) None of the above

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Q. 48 , Which of the following is NOT a benefit of RPR networks?

a) Efficiency

b) Multicast

c) Spatial Reuse

d) Limited throughput

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Q. 49 , What is the advantage of RPR networks when it comes to multicast packets?

a) They do not support multicast packets

b) One RPR multicast packet can be transmitted around the ring and can be received by multiple nodes

c) Multicast packets are replicated over all possible path switching bandwidth

d) None of the above

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Q. 50 , How does RPR utilize bandwidth more efficiently than SDH networks?

a) RPR circuits consume bandwidth around the whole ring

b) RPR allows bandwidth to be used on multiple idle spans

c) RPR and SDH networks utilize bandwidth equally efficiently

d) None of the above

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Q. 51 , What is the timeframe for protection response in RPR networks?

a) 10ms

b) 20ms

c) 50ms

d) 100ms

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Q. 52 , How does RPR ensure the delivery of high-priority packets?

a) By replicating them over all possible path switching bandwidth

b) By processing them at each hop with no guaranteed delivery

c) By delivering them with minimal jitter and latency

d) None of the above

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Q. 53 , What is the range of system throughputs for RPR networks?

a) 1-10 Gbps

b) 10-100 Gbps

c) 80-320 Gbps

d) 320-640 Gbps

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Q. 54 , What is the typical number of nodes that RPR rings can support?

a) 10

b) 50

c) 100

d) 200

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Q. 55 , What is the main argument for using RPR networks?

a) To increase the number of nodes that can be supported

b) To simplify network architectures and reduce the amount of equipment needed

c) To provide open protection schemes

d) None of the above

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Q. 56 , What is the maximum number of nodes that can be supported by RPR rings?

A) 50

B) 100

C) 200

D) 500

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Q. 57 , What is the key benefit of RPR's multicast feature?

A) It allows bandwidth to be used on multiple idle spans.

B) It provides topology discovery and protection within 50ms.

C) It delivers high-priority packets with minimal jitter and latency.

D) One RPR multicast packet can be transmitted around the ring and received by multiple nodes.

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Q. 58 , What is the main reason for using RPR?

A) To increase the amount of equipment needed in the network.

B) To provide complex network architectures.

C) To simplify OA&M functionality.

D) To save money by maximizing fiber utilization and reducing the amount of equipment needed.

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Q. 59 , What is the maximum system throughput range for RPR?

A) 80 to 320 Gbps

B) 100 to 500 Gbps

C) 200 to 800 Gbps

D) 500 to 1000 Gbps

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Q. 60 , What is the major disadvantage of legacy TDM?

A) It can only provision circuits with a limit of 16 nodes on one SDH ring.

B) It requires a lot of equipment for providing IP services.

C) It provides limited and proprietary protection schemes with limited number of nodes.

D) It consumes bandwidth around the whole ring.

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Q. 61 , What is the limitation of protection response in meshed Ethernet networks?

A) It is limited to minutes.

B) It is limited to seconds.

C) It is limited to hours.

D) It is unlimited.

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Q. 62 , How does RPR allow for spatial reuse of bandwidth?

A) RPR uni-cast packets are stripped at their destination.

B) Circuits consume bandwidth around the whole ring.

C) Bandwidth can be used on multiple idle spans.

D) QoS is applied on hop to hop basis.

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Q. 63 , What is the benefit of RPR's resiliency feature?

A) It allows for multicast packets to be transmitted over all possible path switching bandwidth.

B) It protects failed spans within 50ms.

C) It delivers high-priority packets with minimal jitter and latency.

D) It enables nodes to be automatically added and removed from the topology map.

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Q. 64 , What is the scalability of RPR systems?

A) They can support up to 50 nodes.

B) They can support up to 100 nodes.

C) They can support up to 200 nodes.

D) They can support up to 500 nodes.

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Q. 65 , What is the requirement of QoS in Ethernet rings?

A) It is applied on hop to hop basis.

B) It is applied on node to node basis.

C) It is not required.

D) It is applied on the whole ring.

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