CONVERGED PACKET AGGREGATION NETWORK (CPAN)

E4-E5 E and W S
CONVERGED PACKET AGGREGATION NETWORK (CPAN)
Q. 1 , What is CPAN?

a) A technology that meets all the requirements of services networks

b) A subset of MPLS/GMPLS protocol suite with added extensions to address transport network requirements

c) A packet-switched network that is not based on MPLS technology

d) A transport network that is physical layer dependent

View answer
Q. 2 , What is the objective of CPAN?

a) To enable MPLS to support packet transport services with a similar degree of predictability, reliability, and OAM to that found in existing transport networks

b) To enable MPLS to be deployed in a transport network and operated in a similar manner to existing transport technologies

c) To provide dynamic provisioning of CPAN transport paths via a control plane

d) All of the above

View answer
Q. 3 , Which of the following is not a key characteristic of CPAN?

a) It is strictly connection oriented

b) It provides strong OAM functions similar to those available in traditional optical transport networks

c) It is IP or IP routing dependent for packet forwarding

d) It allows network provisioning via a centralized NMS and/or a distributed control plane

View answer
Q. 4 , What is the difference between MPLS and CPAN?

a) MPLS supports packet and TDM services, while CPAN only supports packet services

b) MPLS is client-agnostic, while CPAN is not

c) CPAN is strictly connection oriented, while MPLS is not

d) There is no difference between MPLS and CPAN

View answer
Q. 5 , What is the main goal of CPAN?

a) To simplify the working of MPLS for use in Packet Transport Networks

b) To provide connectionless transport for packet and TDM services over optical networks

c) To provide MPLS with features of MPLS not supported by CPAN

d) None of the above

View answer
Q. 6 , Which of the following is a key characteristic of CPAN?

a) It is physical layer agnostic

b) It does not provide strong OAM functions

c) It is client-dependent

d) It is based on IP routing

View answer
Q. 7 , What is the role of OAM in CPAN?

a) To ensure the capabilities needed for carrier-grade transport networks

b) To provide restoration functions for improved network survivability in the presence of failures

c) To facilitate end-to-end path provisioning across network or operator domains

d) All of the above

View answer
Q. 8 , What are the features of MPLS not supported by CPAN?

a) Strong OAM functions

b) Connection-oriented transport for packet and TDM services

c) None of the above

d) Both a) and b)

View answer
Q. 9 , What is the control plane used for in CPAN?

a) To make the NMS obsolete

b) To provide well-known FCAPS management functions

c) To provide restoration functions for improved network survivability in the presence of failures

d) To facilitate end-to-end path provisioning across network or operator domains

View answer
Q. 10 , What is the goal of CPAN?

a) To provide connectionless transport for packet and TDM services over optical networks

b) To provide connection-oriented transport for packet and TDM services over optical networks leveraging the widely deployed MPLS technology

c) To provide connection-oriented transport for voice services only

d) To provide connection-oriented transport for packet services only

View answer
Q. 11 , What is the objective of CPAN?

a) To provide a new transport technology that is completely different from existing transport technologies.

b) To enable MPLS to be deployed in a transport network and operated in a similar manner to existing transport technologies.

c) To replace existing transport technologies with a new technology called CPAN.

d) To provide a new technology that is similar to MPLS but is not suitable for packet transport.

View answer
Q. 12 , How are current transport networks typically operated?

a) Using a decentralized network management system (NMS).

b) Using a centralized network management system (NMS).

c) Using a telecommunications management network (TMN) only.

d) Without any network management system.

View answer
Q. 13 , What are the FCAPS management functions provided by the NMS in current transport networks?

a) Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security Management.

b) Flow, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security Management.

c) Fault, Configuration, Analysis, Performance, and Security Management.

d) Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Service Management.

View answer
Q. 14 , What is the control plane used for in CPAN?

a) To provide a new data plane that is completely different from the existing MPLS data plane.

b) To provide dynamic provisioning of CPAN transport paths.

c) To provide only restoration functions for improved network survivability in the presence of failures.

d) To make the NMS obsolete.

View answer
Q. 15 , What is the concept of LSPs from MPLS technology?

a) A concept that is not applicable in the Packet Transport World.

b) A concept that is similar to TDM networks.

c) A concept that is similar to packet transport networks.

d) A concept that is similar to both TDM and packet transport networks.

View answer
Q. 16 , Was MPLS modified in CPAN?

a) Yes, extensively.

b) No, it is strictly connection oriented without any modifications to the existing MPLS data plane.

c) Only some unnecessary features were removed from MPLS.

d) MPLS was completely replaced by a new technology called CPAN.

View answer
Q. 17 , What type of services can CPAN carry?

a) L1 services only

b) L2 services only

c) L3 services only

d) L1, L2, and L3 services

View answer
Q. 18 , Which feature of MPLS is not supported by CPAN?

A) MPLS Control Plane

B) Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)

C) LSP Merge

D) Equal Cost Multi Path

View answer
Q. 19 , What is Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) in MPLS?

A) It is a mechanism to reduce the load of two label lookups

B) It is a protocol to set up LSPs

C) It is a protocol used for OAM

D) It is a method to manage the network

View answer
Q. 20 , Why was PHP disabled in CPAN?

A) It caused problems with QoS

B) It conflicted with the concept of a circuit

C) It was difficult to manage

D) It was not compatible with point-to-multipoint paths

View answer
Q. 21 , What is LSP Merge in MPLS?

A) It is a mechanism to set up LSPs

B) It is a method to manage the network

C) It is a mechanism to reduce the number of labels being used in the network

D) It is a protocol used for OAM

View answer
Q. 22 , Why was LSP Merge disabled in CPAN?

A) It made it impossible to differentiate between traffic from two different sources before the merging happened

B) It caused problems with QoS

C) It conflicted with the concept of a circuit

D) It was not compatible with point-to-multipoint paths

View answer
Q. 23 , What is Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP) in traditional IP/MPLS networks?

A) It is a mechanism to set up LSPs

B) It is a protocol used for OAM

C) It is a method to manage the network

D) It is a situation where different packets between a source-destination pair can take different paths

View answer
Q. 24 , Why is ECMP disabled in CPAN?

A) It caused problems with QoS

B) It conflicted with the concept of a circuit

C) It was difficult to manage

D) It was not compatible with point-to-multipoint paths

View answer
Q. 25 , What is the main difference between MPLS and CPAN with respect to LSPs?

A) MPLS supports unidirectional LSPs, while CPAN supports bidirectional LSPs

B) MPLS supports bidirectional LSPs, while CPAN supports unidirectional LSPs

C) MPLS does not support LSPs, while CPAN supports bidirectional LSPs

D) MPLS and CPAN both support bidirectional LSPs

View answer
Q. 26 , What is the main difference between MPLS and CPAN with respect to path setup?

A) MPLS uses management plane LSP setup, while CPAN uses control plane-based LSP setup

B) MPLS uses control plane-based LSP setup, while CPAN uses management plane LSP setup

C) MPLS does not require any LSP setup, while CPAN uses control plane-based LSP setup

D) MPLS and CPAN both use control plane-based LSP setup

View answer
Q. 27 , What does MPLS stand for?

A) Multiprotocol Label Switching

B) Multiple Programming Language Suite

C) Multi-Processing Label Switching

D) Multipurpose Language Service

View answer
Q. 28 , Which category of MPLS covers the definition of various functions and the interactions among them?

A) Data Plane

B) Network Architecture

C) Control Plane

D) Management Plane

View answer
Q. 29 , Which of the following is NOT a subcategory of the Data Plane in MPLS?

A) OAM

B) Framing

C) Forwarding

D) Encapsulation

View answer
Q. 30 , What is the key focus area of CPAN?

A) Control Plane

B) Management Plane

C) Data Plane

D) Operation, Administration, and Management (OAM)

View answer
Q. 31 , Which of the following OAM functions is NOT being added as part of CPAN?

A) Fault Detection

B) Fault Localization

C) Performance Monitoring

D) Label Switching

View answer
Q. 32 , What are the existing MPLS tools being extended to support the new OAM functions?

A) BFD, LSP ping, and LSP trace

B) OSPF-TE, IS-IS-TE, and RSVP-TE

C) LDP, BGP, and T-LDP

D) GAL, G-ACh, and ACH

View answer
Q. 33 , In order to make OAM functions possible without any IP layer functionalities, what is being added to the MPLS protocol suite?

A) Generic Associated Channel (G-ACh) and GACh Label (GAL)

B) OSPF-TE, IS-IS-TE, RSVP-TE, LDP, and BGP

C) OAM packets and data packets

D) Network management system (NMS) and in-band control channels

View answer
Q. 34 , What is the role of G-ACh in MPLS and CPAN?

A) It carries the OAM packets without any reliance on IP.

B) It sets up the label-switched paths (LSPs) that are used to forward the data packets.

C) It manages the network by providing and enforcing service-level agreements (SLAs).

D) It enhances the resiliency of the network through protection and restoration.

View answer
Q. 35 , What is the reserved label value used for tagging OAM packets in CPAN?

A) 10

B) 11

C) 12

D) 13

View answer
Q. 36 , What is the main responsibility of the control plane mechanism in MPLS?

A) Forwarding data packets

B) Setting up LSPs

C) Managing the network

D) Monitoring network performance

View answer
Q. 37 , Which protocol is NOT part of the dynamic control plane in MPLS?

A) OSPF-TE

B) IS-IS-TE

C) LDP

D) RSVP-TE

View answer
Q. 38 , Which type of control plane is being used in legacy transport networks?

A) Dynamic control plane

B) Static control plane

C) Hybrid control plane

D) Intelligent control plane

View answer
Q. 39 , Which network is primarily applicable for CPAN enhancements?

a) Access and aggregation networks

b) Packet-based networks

c) Circuit-switched networks

d) MPLS-based core networks

View answer
Q. 40 , What will OAM enhancements to the MPLS protocol suite allow service providers to do?

a) Have better visibility into their existing MPLS-based core networks

b) Improve the tools required to measure and enforce strict SLAs

c) Both a) and b)

d) None of the above

View answer
Q. 41 , Which OAM enhancements are being prioritized for implementation by Juniper?

a) Enhancements to BFD

b) Enhancements to LSP ping

c) Both a) and b)

d) None of the above

View answer
Q. 42 , What does Figure 3 illustrate?

a) The deployment options for CPAN

b) The deployment options for MPLS

c) How IP/MPLS and CPAN can be deployed together

d) None of the above

View answer
Q. 43 , Which RFC specifies the requirements for OAM in MPLS transport networks?

a) RFC 6423

b) RFC 5654

c) RFC 5860

d) RFC 5951

View answer
Q. 44 , Which RFC specifies the requirements for network management in MPLS-based transport networks?

a) RFC 6426

b) RFC 6378

c) RFC 5960

d) RFC 5951

View answer
Q. 45 , Which RFC specifies the MPLS Transport Profile Data Plane Architecture?

a) RFC 6370

b) RFC 5960

c) RFC 5654

d) RFC 6423

View answer
Q. 46 , What is the purpose of the MPLS On-Demand Connectivity Verification and Route Tracing RFC?

a) To specify the requirements for OAM in MPLS transport networks

b) To specify the data plane architecture for MPLS transport networks

c) To provide a mechanism for on-demand connectivity verification and route tracing

d) None of the above

View answer
Q. 47 , Which RFC specifies MPLS Transport Profile (CPAN) Linear Protection?

a) RFC 6378

b) RFC 6427

c) RFC 6428

d) RFC 6435

View answer
Q. 48 , Which RFC specifies MPLS Fault Management Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)?

a) RFC 6423

b) RFC 6426

c) RFC 6427

d) RFC 6435

View answer
Q. 49 , Which RFC specifies Proactive Connectivity Verification, Continuity Check, and Remote Defect Indication for the MPLS Transport Profile?

a) RFC 6428

b) RFC 6426

c) RFC 6427

d) RFC 6435

View answer
Q. 50 , Which RFC specifies MPLS Transport Profile Lock Instruct and Loopback Functions?

a) RFC 6423

b) RFC 6435

c) RFC 6427

d) RFC 6428

View answer