CONVERGED PACKET BASED AGGREGATION NETWORK

E4-E5 CFA
CONVERGED PACKET BASED AGGREGATION NETWORK
Q. 1 , What technology is emerging to support packet-based services?

a) Multi-Protocol Label Switching

b) Asynchronous Transfer Mode

c) Circuit Switching

d) Frame Relay

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Q. 2 , What is the network architecture of CPAN?

a) SDH, DXC, and DWDM

b) MPLS-TP based nodes

c) RPR Switches

d) Broadband network

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Q. 3 , What type of traffic did the BSNL transport network carry initially?

a) IP Traffic

b) Ethernet Traffic

c) TDM Traffic

d) MPLS Traffic

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Q. 4 , What type of equipment was extensively deployed in BSNL's transport network to carry TDM traffic?

a) MPLS-TP nodes

b) RPR Switches

c) SDH network

d) DXCs

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Q. 5 , What is EoSDH?

a) Ethernet over MPLS-TP

b) Ethernet over Frame Relay

c) Ethernet over Asynchronous Transfer Mode

d) Ethernet over SDH

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Q. 6 , What technology enables BSNL to transport Ethernet traffic over SDH frame?

a) Generic Framing Protocol

b) Asynchronous Transfer Mode

c) Multi-Protocol Label Switching

d) Virtual Concatenation

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Q. 7 , What is the current backbone of BSNL's transport network?

a) MPLS-TP nodes

b) RPR Switches

c) SDH, DXC, and DWDM

d) Broadband network

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Q. 8 , What is the transportation requirement of BSNL's network shifting towards?

a) TDM with a smaller portion of Packet transport

b) 100% Packet transport with minimal TDM transport

c) MPLS-based transport

d) Frame Relay-based transport

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Q. 9 , Why is utilizing TDM network for packet transport becoming inefficient and costly?

a) TDM network is not reliable

b) TDM network does not support different class of services

c) Packet transport requires a much higher bandwidth than TDM

d) TDM network is not secure

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Q. 10 , What is the connection mode used in packet network?

a) Connection-oriented

b) Connectionless

c) Both a) and b)

d) None of the above

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Q. 11 , Where is the OAM/Operation & maintenance carried out in transport network?

a) Out of band

b) In band

c) Both a) and b)

d) None of the above

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Q. 12 , What is the type of protection switching in packet transport network?

a) Control plane depend

b) Data plane switching

c) Both a) and b)

d) None of the above

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Q. 13 , What is the backbone of the transport network of BSNL?

a) MPLS

b) SDH, DXC, and DWDM

c) Ethernet

d) RPR

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Q. 14 , What is the purpose of a transport network?

a) To provide a reliable aggregation and transport infrastructure for any client traffic type

b) To provide a reliable infrastructure for voice traffic only

c) To provide a reliable infrastructure for data traffic only

d) To provide a reliable infrastructure for video traffic only

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Q. 15 , Which of the following technologies is emerging as a transport profile of Multi-Protocol Label Switching called MPLS-TP?

a) Ethernet

b) RPR

c) SDH

d) None of the above

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Q. 16 , What are the requirements of BSNL's transport network in the present scenario?

a) Packet transportation

b) Voice transportation

c) Video transportation

d) All of the above

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Q. 17 , Which technology enabled BSNL to adapt to the transition phase in the technological development curve where the network elements were progressively switching towards Ethernet Interfaces (FE, GE) but continued to support TDM interfaces too?

a) SDH

b) DXC

c) MPLS

d) EoSDH

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Q. 18 , What is the current situation regarding BSNL's network elements?

a) All network elements support only Ethernet interfaces for interconnection

b) All network elements support only TDM interfaces for interconnection

c) All network elements support both Ethernet and TDM interfaces for interconnection

d) None of the above

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Q. 19 , What is the volume of transport requirement for Ethernet interfaces?

a) Rapidly vanishing

b) Increasing exponentially

c) Stable

d) Decreasing gradually

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Q. 20 , Which of the following technologies has become inefficient and costly for Packet transport?

a) MPLS

b) SDH

c) DXC

d) TDM

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Q. 21 , Which of the following attributes is required for Ethernet transport?

a) Statistical multiplexing

b) Fixed bandwidth

c) Single class QoS

d) All of the above

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Q. 22 , Which type of switching is used in protection switching for packet transport networks?

a) Control plane dependent switching

b) Data plane switching

c) MPLS switching

d) None of the above

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Q. 23 , What is the objective of MPLS-TP?

a) To provide connection-less transport for packet and TDM services over optical networks

b) To enable MPLS to support packet transport services with a similar degree of predictability, reliability, and OAM to that found in existing transport networks

c) To provide connection-oriented transport for packet and TDM services over optical networks leveraging the widely deployed MPLS technology

d) To provide packet switching services for optical networks leveraging the widely deployed MPLS technology

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Q. 24 , Which of the following management functions are provided by the NMS in traditional transport networks?

a) Fault, configuration, authentication, performance, and security management

b) Fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management

c) Fault, configuration, authorization, performance, and security management

d) Fault, configuration, allocation, performance, and security management

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Q. 25 , Which of the following OAM functions are present in traditional transport networks?

a) Protection and restoration

b) Fault and performance management

c) Fault and configuration management

d) Configuration and performance management

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Q. 26 , What is the primary use of the control plane in MPLS-TP?

a) To provide in-band management for network elements

b) To provide out-of-band management for network elements

c) To provide restoration functions for improved network survivability

d) To provide packet switching services for optical networks

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Q. 27 , Which of the following is not a feature supported by MPLS-TP that is present in traditional MPLS?

a) MPLS Control Plane

b) Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)

c) LSP Merge

d) Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP)

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Q. 28 , What is the motivation for developing MPLS-TP?

a) The need for connection-less transport in packet transport networks

b) The need for connection-oriented transport in packet transport networks

c) The need for packet switching services in optical networks

d) The need for TDM services in optical networks

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Q. 29 , Which of the following is not a major difference between MPLS and MPLS-TP?

a) Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs)

b) Management plane LSP setup

c) Control plane is not mandatory

d) In-band management

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Q. 30 , Which of the following is a feature supported by MPLS-TP that is not present in traditional MPLS?

a) MPLS Control Plane

b) Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)

c) LSP Merge

d) Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs)

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Q. 31 , What is the main advantage of using bidirectional LSPs in MPLS-TP?

a) Traffic can flow over different paths from A to B and from B to A

b) All the traffic follows the same path between A and B

c) Point-to-multipoint paths can be supported

d) Traffic can be switched independently at each node

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Q. 32 , What is the function of the network management system (NMS) in traditional transport networks?

a) It provides well-known FCAPS management functions.

b) It communicates with the network elements in the field via the TMN.

c) It enables the operator to configure the control plane.

d) All of the above.

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Q. 33 , What is the main function of the control plane in MPLS-TP?

a) To provide dynamic provisioning of MPLS-TP transport paths.

b) To provide protection and restoration functions for improved network survivability.

c) To facilitate end-to-end path provisioning across network or operator domains.

d) All of the above.

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Q. 34 , Can an MPLS-TP network be operated without a control plane?

a) Yes, MPLS-TP nodes should be able to work with no control plane.

b) No, MPLS-TP requires the use of a control plane.

c) It depends on the size of the network.

d) None of the above.

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Q. 35 , What is the concept of Label Switched Paths (LSPs) from MPLS technology?

a) LSPs are used to reduce the load of two label lookups.

b) LSPs are used to merge two different circuits going to the same destination.

c) LSPs are used to differentiate between traffic coming from different sources.

d) LSPs are paths through an MPLS network.

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Q. 36 , Which of the following MPLS features is not supported by MPLS-TP?

a) MPLS Control Plane.

b) Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP).

c) LSP Merge.

d) Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP).

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Q. 37 , What is the motivation for developing MPLS-TP?

a) The need for the circuits in Packet Transport Networks.

b) The need to simplify the working of MPLS.

c) The need to support packet transport services with a similar degree of predictability, reliability, and OAM to that found in existing transport networks.

d) All of the above.

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Q. 38 , What is the main difference between MPLS and MPLS-TP in terms of Label Switched Paths (LSPs)?

a) MPLS supports unidirectional LSPs, while MPLS-TP supports bidirectional LSPs.

b) MPLS-TP supports point-to-multipoint paths, while MPLS does not.

c) MPLS supports control-plane-based LSP setup, while MPLS-TP supports management-plane LSP setup.

d) None of the above.

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Q. 39 , How are paths across MPLS networks set up in MPLS-TP?

a) With control-plane protocols.

b) With management-plane LSP setup.

c) Both a) and b).

d) None of the above.

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Q. 40 , What is the role of the network management system (NMS) in MPLS-TP?

a) To provide well-known FCAPS management functions.

b) To communicate with the network elements in the field via the TMN.

c) To enable the operator to configure the control plane.

d) All of the above.

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Q. 41 , Which of the following categories does MPLS-TP NOT cover?

a) Network Architecture

b) Data Plane

c) Control Plane

d) Application Plane

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Q. 42 , What are the subcategories under the Data Plane of MPLS-TP?

a) Framing, forwarding, encapsulation

b) OAM

c) Resiliency

d) All of the above

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Q. 43 , What does OAM stand for in MPLS-TP?

a) Operational and Analysis Mechanisms

b) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance

c) Optical Access Management

d) Online Activation and Monitoring

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Q. 44 , Which of the following is NOT part of the Management Plane in MPLS-TP?

a) SNMP

b) NETCONF

c) OSPF

d) CLI

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Q. 45 , Which color in the figure represents the protocols and mechanisms being added to the MPLS/GMPLS protocol suite as part of the MPLS-TP effort?

a) Blue

b) Red

c) Green

d) Yellow

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Q. 46 , Which color in the figure represents the protocols and mechanisms that might not be needed for the transport networks and are, therefore, being made optional?

a) Blue

b) Red

c) Green

d) Yellow

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Q. 47 , What is the purpose of MPLS-TP enhancements?

a) To replace the MPLS protocol suite entirely

b) To add new protocols and mechanisms to the MPLS protocol suite

c) To simplify the MPLS protocol suite

d) To add new functionalities to the Management Plane

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Q. 48 , Where are MPLS-TP enhancements primarily applicable?

a) In the core networks

b) In the access and aggregation networks

c) In the optical transport networks

d) In the wireless networks

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Q. 49 , Which of the following networks are currently undergoing migration from circuit-switched networks to packet-based networks?

a) Access and aggregation networks

b) Optical transport networks

c) Wireless networks

d) All of the above

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Q. 50 , What is the purpose of OAM enhancements to the MPLS protocol suite?

a) To make it easier to deploy MPLS networks

b) To improve the performance of MPLS networks

c) To provide better visibility into MPLS networks

d) To add new functionalities to the Control Plane

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Q. 51 , What does BFD stand for in MPLS-TP?

a) Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

b) Basic Forwarding Device

c) Border Forwarding Device

d) Backbone Fault Detection

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Q. 52 , What is the primary purpose of LSP ping in MPLS-TP?

a) To measure and enforce strict SLAs

b) To detect and isolate faults in the network

c) To set up label-switched paths

d) To provide better visibility into MPLS-based core networks

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Q. 53 , Which of the following is NOT a deployment option for MPLS and MPLS-TP?

a) IP/MPLS and MPLS-TP deployed together

b) MPLS-TP deployed on its own

c) IP/MPLS deployed on its own

d) MPLS and MPLS-TP deployed separately

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Q. 54 , Which category of MPLS protocols and enhancements covers the definition of various functions and the interactions among them?

A. Network Architecture

B. Data Plane

C. Control Plane

D. Management Plane

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Q. 55 , Which subcategory of the Data Plane covers the protocols and mechanisms used for framing, forwarding, and encapsulation?

A. OAM

B. Resiliency

C. Framing, forwarding, encapsulation

D. Management

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Q. 56 , Which subcategory of the Data Plane covers the protocols and mechanisms used for resiliency (protection and restoration)?

A. OAM

B. Resiliency

C. Framing, forwarding, encapsulation

D. Management

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Q. 57 , Which category of MPLS protocols and enhancements covers the protocols and mechanisms used to set up the label-switched paths (LSPs)?

A. Network Architecture

B. Data Plane

C. Control Plane

D. Management Plane

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Q. 58 , Which category of MPLS protocols and enhancements covers the protocols and mechanisms used to manage the network?

A. Network Architecture

B. Data Plane

C. Control Plane

D. Management Plane

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Q. 59 , Which color is used to highlight the protocols and mechanisms that are being added to the MPLS/GMPLS protocol suite as part of the MPLS-TP effort?

A. Blue

B. Red

C. Yellow

D. Green

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Q. 60 , Which color is used to highlight the protocols and mechanisms that might not be needed for the transport networks and are being made optional?

A. Blue

B. Red

C. Yellow

D. Green

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Q. 61 , According to Juniper, which MPLS-TP enhancement will be extremely valuable to all MPLS networks, especially in the MPLS-based core networks?

A. Data Plane enhancements

B. Control Plane enhancements

C. Network Architecture enhancements

D. OAM enhancements

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Q. 62 , Which MPLS protocol suite enhancement will allow service providers to have better visibility into their existing MPLS-based core networks, allowing further optimization?

A. Data Plane enhancements

B. Control Plane enhancements

C. Network Architecture enhancements

D. OAM enhancements

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Q. 63 , How are IP/MPLS and MPLS-TP deployed together?

A. They are deployed as two separate and independent networks.

B. They are deployed as a single unified network.

C. They are deployed as two partially overlapping networks.

D. They are not compatible and cannot be deployed together.

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Q. 64 , What is the need for introducing Packet Transport Network in BSNL?

a) To reduce IP traffic

b) To increase SDH traffic

c) To provide reliable connectivity and meet the exponential growth in IP traffic

d) To improve MPLS traffic

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Q. 65 , What are the functionalities required in MPLS-TP enabled nodes?

a) OAM

b) Point to point circuits

c) Protection 1:1(PW)

d) All of the above

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Q. 66 , What are the packet-based features of MPLS-TP enabled nodes?

a) Point to multipoint circuits

b) Services provisioned at L1 or L2 layer

c) QoS defined for individual customers

d) All of the above

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Q. 67 , Which type of node is DC powered?

a) Type-A1

b) Type-A2

c) Type-B1

d) Type-B2

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Q. 68 , What is the distance between two Type-A1 or A2 nodes?

a) 20 Km

b) 30 Km

c) 40 Km

d) 50 Km

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Q. 69 , Which type of node has the cross connect capacity of 40 Gbps?

a) Type-A1

b) Type-A2

c) Type-B1

d) Type-B2

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Q. 70 , Which type of node has the cross connect capacity of 80 Gbps?

a) Type-A1

b) Type-A2

c) Type-B1

d) Type-B2

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Q. 71 , What is the power supply type for Type-A1 and A2 nodes?

a) AC type or DC type

b) AC type only

c) DC type only

d) None of the above

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Q. 72 , Which type of node has the distance between two nodes of 50 Km?

a) Type-A1 and A2

b) Type-B1 and B2

c) Type-C

d) All of the above

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Q. 73 , What is the power supply type for Type-B1 and B2 nodes?

a) AC type or DC type

b) AC type only

c) DC type only

d) None of the above

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Q. 74 , What is the cross connect capacity of Type-C node?

a) 40 Gbps

b) 80 Gbps

c) 240 Gbps

d) 480 Gbps

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Q. 75 , What is the typical network topology for MPLS-TP nodes?

a) Nodes are not connected directly

b) All nodes are connected in a mesh topology

c) Co-located network elements are connected directly, while traffic between non-co-located ones is transported through packet transport network

d) All nodes are connected in a ring topology

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Q. 76 , Which nodes will perform the function of transport and aggregation of traffic from all access points such as HTS, Node Bs, RNCs, MSCs, MPLS-PE Routers, FTTH OLTs, DSLAMs etc.?

a) Type-A nodes

b) Type-B nodes

c) Type-C nodes

d) All of the above

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Q. 77 , Which type of nodes can be directly terminated on the interfaces of higher level nodes?

A) Type-A nodes

B) Type-B nodes

C) Type-C nodes

D) None of the above

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Q. 78 , What will be the function of Type A, B & C nodes in the BSNL network?

A) They will serve as access points for HTS, Node Bs, RNCs, MSCs, MPLS-PE Routers, FTTH OLTs, DSLAMs etc.

B) They will replace the present CPE, ADM, MADM and STM-64 in the BSNL network.

C) They will transport and aggregate traffic from all access points and serve as major traffic aggregation points in high traffic cities.

D) None of the above.

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Q. 79 , Which of the following is NOT a feature of MPLS-TP enabled nodes?

A) Point to point circuits can be provisioned.

B) Point to multipoint or multipoint to multipoint circuits can be created.

C) End to end monitoring of each circuit is possible.

D) It cannot transport synchronization information.

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Q. 80 , What is the distance between two Type-B1/B2 nodes?

A) 30 km

B) 50 km

C) 80 km

D) 240 km

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Q. 81 , Which of the following is a feature of Type-Al and Type-A2 nodes?

A) Uplink - 10GE (optical) - 2

B) Downlink - 10GE (optical) - 2

C) Uplink - 1GE (optical) - 2

D) Downlink - FE-16

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Q. 82 , Which of the following is NOT a feature of MPLS-TP enabled nodes?

A) Protection 1 : 1(PW) or even 1 :n(LSP) can be provisioned.

B) QoS can be defined for individual customers.

C) End to end monitoring of each circuit is possible.

D) They cannot carry STM1 and E1.

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Q. 83 , What is the minimum cross connect capacity of Type-C nodes?

A) 5 Gbps

B) 40 Gbps

C) 80 Gbps

D) 240 Gbps

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Q. 84 , Which type of nodes can be used to replace present CPE, ADM, MADM and STM-64 in the BSNL network?

A) Type-A nodes

B) Type-B nodes

C) Type-C nodes

D) None of the above

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Q. 85 , Which of the following is a feature of MPLS-TP enabled nodes?

A) End to end monitoring of each circuit is possible.

B) They cannot transport synchronization information.

C) Protection 1 : 2(PW) or even 1 :n(LSP) can be provisioned.

D) They cannot be connected in ring/mesh.

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Q. 86 , Which type of nodes shall have control card, switching fabric and power supply redundancy?

A) Type-A nodes

B) Type-B nodes

C) Type-C nodes

D) None of the above

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